Opression in a Thousand Splendid Suns Essay Example for Free

Opression in a Thousand Splendid Suns Essay Taslima Nasrin once said: â€Å"Those religions that are oppressive to women are also against democracy, human rights, and freedom of expression. † This quote also applies to a book called a thousand splendid suns by Khaled hosseini and Deepa Metha’s Film Water. A thousand splendid suns in a book about two women in Afghanistan with an abusive husband. They struggle for survival and for their human rights that have been overlooked by the Taliban and a patriarchal society. Water is a movie about widows living in India. They are sent to the country side to live with other widows supposedly so they can live pure lives. In actuality they are cast aside and denied the basic respect all humans deserve. Ironically, the only way they can make enough money to survive is by committing acts as impure as it gets. They are forced to turn to prostitution. These two stories show that a cultural society’s refusal to change religious practices causes the oppression of women. The characters Mariam, kalyani, and chuyia demonstrate this. Mariam is a woman living in Afghanistan from the book A Thousand Splendid Suns. Mariam grew up very poor living in a small hut excluded from society. As a child she was taught only to endure and was never given the opportunity to stand up for herself. Mariam was the daughter of a maid that her father Jalil had an affair with and he was very ashamed of this. To solve this â€Å"problem† he got rid of her. Jalil married her off to a much older man named Rasheed. Shortly after the start of their marriage, Rasheed rapes her. He justifies it with the Quran. â€Å"‘It’s what married people do. It’s what the prophet himself and his wives did. There is no shame. ’† (Hosseini, 77). In this quote Rasheed refers to the prophet Muhammad in the Quran. This shows how Rasheed perverted the events Quran, the sacred Islamic text, to justify the rape of a young girl who hadn’t even turned 16. Marrying young girls still in their teens is an old custom that is embedded in Islam and the Afghan culture. Society’s refusal to change this practice caused the ruthless humiliation of a young girl and in the long run made the oppression of all women an accepted practice. Kalyani is a character in the movie Water. She is a widow most likely in her 20s who never met her husband. Her husband died shortly after her marriage and was sent to the ashram as a young girl. Since she is the only young widow in the ashram she is forced to turn to prostitution to bring in extra money so the widows can at least have enough money for 1 meal a day. Her entire life story shows the subjugation of women. She was married at around the age of 10 because of religious traditions that have not changed in hundreds of years. This tradition has given men the power to oppress women. This oppression is shown through the death of the husband. If the husband dies before the wife, the wife is sent away. If the opposite happen the husband is free to remarry as he pleases. This happens because of the religious belief that when a husband dies, half of the woman also dies. This makes it easier to mistreat women because it makes them seem less than human. It is also believed that the death of a husband is punishment for something done in a previous life. Society’s refusal to change theses Hindi beliefs and practices create the oppression of women by making their mistreatment seem justified and by making them seem less than human. Chuyia is a young girl who was married at the age of 8 and was widowed the next day. She doesn’t even remember getting married but is forced to suffer the same fate as Kalyani. She is young and innocent and her innocence causes her to question practices that everyone else simply accepts. Deepa Metha uses this character to point out inconsistencies in the Hindi religion and traditional society. At one point in the story she asks why there isn’t a place for men to go if they are widowed. She is quickly ridiculed by both men and women. This event shows that the refusal to change religious practices has brainwashed both men and women to accept and even endorse the oppression of women. Taslima Nasrin words are clearly tied to the theme of these two stories. She explains in her quote that a religion cannot be providing people basic rights if it discriminates against women. The theme reiterates the same message by declaring that religion can sometimes cause oppression of women. These three characters show how traditions and old religious practices have made the oppression of women possible all over the world. By displaying this message in the authors’ books and movies, the authors hope to encourage all people around the world to not follow blindly old traditions and practices. They want people to decide for themselves what is right and what is wrong. When people fail to do this, bad things start happening such as the oppression, humiliation, and subjugation of women who are actually just as intelligent, strong, and able as any man.

Abortion :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abortion is murder. It is the process in which an undeveloped human being is killed, and unable to live the life it could have lived. Why is it okay for women to kill a human being through abortion and not be punished, when someone else is intentionally killing someone and being sent to life in prison? A fetus is helpless, it cannot scream or run away when an abortion is happening. The person who is supposed to be the protector is the person who made the choice to murder it. Abortion is not the answer. So why do women chose to have them? Abortions happen because women are scared of the responsibilities of caring for a child; they are both financially and mentally unstable. But most importantly abortions happen because women don’t want the baby. Whose fault is it? The women are the mistake. They made the choice to have unprotected sex. Now after they had their fun, they run. They run away from reality. Women run to abortions as means of relief but little do they know their reality is waiting to happen.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to B.A. Robinson many women who have abortions are under the age of twenty-five, are unmarried or separated from their spouse, and poor. In a study by Torres and Forrest a vast majority of women have abortions because they are financially unstable, they feel that they are incapable of raising a child; they feel that their life would drastically change, and they are too young and immature to raise a child. Why is it that after the child is conceived that women start to realize their own faults? If women were to realize their flaws ahead of time, abortion rates would be much lower, and aborted fetuses might have been given a chance to develop and to live a life. Abortion may seem like the answer to all the problems. But women don’t realize that they are not only killing a human being, but also endangering their own lives.

Harvest of Empire by Juan Gonzalez

The book Harvest of Empire offers many examples of the factors leading to migration, which include economic and political persecution. The book has a direct connection between the hardships Latinos faced economically and military in their perspective countries. By reading this book it is clearly stated that Latinos are on the verge of becoming the largest minority group in America. Juan Gonzalez presents a devastating perspective on U. S. history rarely found in mainstream publishing aimed at a popular audience. Few of those countries were immigrants from Puerto Rico, Mexico, Dominican Republic and Central Americans.Gonzales develops his thesis by asserting that Latin American immigration and Latino presence in the United States are markedly different from European immigration history to this country in at least three main ways: Latino immigration is closely tied to the growth and needs of the U. S. empire; race and language attitudes in this country have had the effect of moving Lat in Americans not from immigrant to mainstream status, but rather from an immigrant to a racial caste status and how Latin Americans have arrived when the United States is already the dominant world power. Harvest of Empire† mentions how since the 1820’s Mexicans have migrated to the United States. They’re the second largest immigrant nationality in our history. Meixco is the most populous Spanish speaking country in the world. Most of the country’s wealth flows outside of Mexico, meaning the U. S. After the tragedy of World War II , the United States reached an agreement with Mexico to import Mexicans for a certain period of time and after their harvest was done they’ll go back to their country.This was the bracero program, which brought millions of immigrants into the United States only for seasonal work and once they were supposed to leave, they managed to stay illegally in order for them to provide to their families. World War II also made Mexica n Americans active in the U. S armed forces. â€Å"Santos Molina and Manuel Garza were two Canales family member who served in combat, in the same army so many of their ancestors had fought against.Nearly all his men were killed or wounded that day, and while Molina survived unscathed, he was severely wounded by machine gun fire later in Germany†. ( 103) Even after all this tragedy of people being killed Mexican Americans returned home and still faced racial discrimination. Tejano, Texans of Spanish and Mexican descent, formed several organizations in the early 20th century to protect themselves from official and private discrimination, but made only partial progress in addressing the worst forms of official ethnic discrimination.The movement to overturn the many forms of state-sponsored discrimination directed at Hispanic Americans was strongest in Texas during the first fifty years of the 20th century. It was just right after World War II that returning veterans joined the League of United Latin American citizens (LULAC) to end segregation. Their main goal was to have equal rights for Mexicans. â€Å"According to the U. S Census, tejanos comprised 32. 4 percent of the workers in the state and owned 33 percent of its wealth†. (102) Between 1961 and 1986 more than 400,000 people legally immigrated to the United States from the Dominican Republic. More than 300,000 Dominicans lived in New York City by 1990, and the total was expected to reach 700,000 early in the millennium, making Dominican migration one of the largest to this country of the past forty years†. (117) The causes of the Dominican immigration are various and have changed over time. the first significant immigration from the Dominican Republic to the United States was in large part the product of political and social instability at home.Those who opposed or had reason to fear the new regime in 1965 and those who were fleeing violence throughout the 1960s came to the United State s in notable numbers. As time went on, however, and the political situation stabilized, Dominicans continued to emigrate, because of limited employment opportunities and poor economic conditions. Through the 1930s, 40's and 50’s, the Dominican Republic was ruled by the former cattle rustler and now dictator, Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina, better known in the United States as simply Trujillo. He surrounded himself with murderers who kept the public intimidated.The Dominicans who came at this time were usually more educated and more politically active. â€Å"One 1980 study revealed that 41 percent of New York City’s Dominican immigrants had completed ten years of high school or better, nearly twice the average of city dwellers in the Dominican Republic†. (125)Once they arrived, they started making their own business like owning their own bodegas and supermarkets. Most Dominicans work in nonunionized workplaces for wages that most â€Å"established† Americ ans would refuse. Many Dominicans have encountered race prejudice in the United States also.The mixed Afro-Hispanic heritage of many Dominicans has led them to be categorized as black by white Americans, they have encountered the same racial prejudice that African Americans have experienced for centuries. Despite the accusations by their compatriots that they have been assimilated into American culture, Dominicans have tended to be seen by Americans as especially resistant to assimilation and committed to their country, culture, and language of origin. Dominicans also joined political parties and even manage to start their own organization.Most Dominicans that arrived in the 1960’s began to settled themselves on the Upper West of Manhattan, Washington Heights. Dominican Americans are one of the newer national-cultural communities in the United States. They are still in process of creating a unique place for themselves here. Their relationships to the United States and its cul ture and to the Dominican Republic and Dominican culture are still evolving. However, the Dominican American community will find its own ways of living in the United States, and will make its own unique culture.Puerto Rico has been an unincorporated territory of the United States, they’re the onlyLatin Americans who once they arrived to the U. S they’re already U. S citizens, without the need of a resident card. The massive migration of Puerto Ricans to the United States was largest in the early and late 20th century. Between the 1950s and the 1980s, large numbers of Puerto Ricans migrated to New York, especially to the Bronx, and Spanish Harlem. Juan Gonzalez shares his story and the reason why his family and himself moved to the U.S and settled in â€Å"El Barrio† is due to the fact that jobs over there didn’t provide sufficient money to provide for his big family. â€Å"The 1930’s were the most turbulent in Puerto Rico’s modern history , and Ponce, where my family had settled, was the center of the storm. The Depression turned the island into a social inferno even more wretched than Haiti today†. (84) Meaning that they were facing hard times. There was a lot of violence and crime. By the 1960’s, more than a million Puerto Ricans were living in the United States with jobs like washing dishes in hotels, restaurants, maintenance in apartment buildings, factories or bodegas. 90) â€Å"The Puerto Rican community became dominated during the 1980’s by two different social classes, both highly dependent on government. † â€Å"Massive disinvestment by government in public schools and epidemics of drug and alcohol abuse, all tore up the quality of city life†. (95) They also faced identity and language problems. Juan Gonzalez throughout the whole book has a combination of historical analysis that led to immigration and racial discrimination.He describes in details the experiences of working c lass families from different countries like Cuba, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Central America and Dominicans and how they have approach to assimilate their new lifestyle once they get to the United States. The author gives out reasons of how immigrants really go through hardships in order to get to America and live â€Å"The American Dream†. Latinos don’t just come here to get on government programs like Section A, welfare, etc. They actually come here for a better prosperity for them and their families even though this may cause them to be far away from them.

The Positive Parenting Program The Triple P Program

The Positive Parenting Program also known as the Triple P Program is a proposed study developed to help improve parent adolescent relationships. The target audience for this study will include single mothers and their adolescent children who live in underserved communities. I hypothesized that poverty can lead to maladaptive childhood outcomes for children. I analyzed five articles. Each article I examined focused on the negative effects that contribute to poor parenting and harmful child outcomes. There has been evidence to state that depression, poverty, and family structure all contribute to poor parenting skills. The Triple P will be divided into three components. These components will include education, parent and child communication skills, and group counseling. Throughout the program, mothers will slowly develop on how to practice positive parenting skill. Triple P (Positive Parenting Program) The goal for this proposed program is to help unite parent child relationships for single mothers. Single parenting can be hard because parents have to support their children and household based on a single income. In particular, Triple P (Positive Parenting Programs) will reach out to single mothers living in poverty with low-wage jobs. Mothers living in poverty experience depression and financial strain. In turn, these effects on the mother will project on the child; resulting in poor parenting skills. In order to enhance these skills parentsShow MoreRelatedDescription Of Triple Positive Parenting Program888 Words   |  4 PagesDescription†¯of Triple P- Positive Parenting Program Program Goals/Program Theory Triple P – Positive Parenting Program is a comprehensive parent-training program with the purpose of reducing child maltreatment and children’s behavioral problems. It is built upon a public health approach and as such was designed to treat large populations. The five core principles taught to parents are: †¢ Ensure a safe and engaging environment. †¢ Promote a positive learning environment. †¢ Use assertive disciplineRead MoreAttention Deficit Disorder ( Adhd )1646 Words   |  7 Pageseffect on the parents stress level. The child’s defiant behavior as well as the mother’s health status was a significant predictor. The study suggests that when parents are trying to deal with their stress, they inadvertently ignore the child’s positive behavior and overreact to their negative behavior. This may then lead to the child’s defiant behavior worsening. Because ADHD can’t be cured, it is very important that the child and the parent both understand how to handle it for the long termRead MoreThe Positive Parenting Program Intervenes With Parenting Skills And The Needs Of The Family1079 Words   |  5 Pageshe Positive Parenting program intervenes with parenting skills and the needs of the family are assessed. The Positive parenting program â€Å"... addresses the needs of families on many different standards and administers interventions at many different quantities.† By doing this the program is able to help every family not just certain ones. â€Å"The system works to improve social, emotional, and developmental outcomes for children by working with parents to build their knowledge base and skill levelRead MoreThe Effects Of Community On Parenting Practices2291 Words   |  10 PagesEFFECTS OF COMMUNITY ON PARENTING Sanchez | 2 The Effects of Community on Parenting Practices Christina Sanchez November 6th 2016 The definition of a community can vary by its culture and experiences. It is those differences that are the framework for what any given community regards as normal and appropriate when it pertains to parenting practices. These norms set the standards as to when and how parents should seek help from others as well. Parenting practices are normallyRead MoreChild Maltreatment Among Children With Disabilities3401 Words   |  14 Pagesattachment, lack of social support, high level of caregiver stress and lack of parental knowledge of child development and details of their child’s disability. Children with disabilities require countless special attention, which can create inimitable parenting challenges and weaken the relationship and attachment between the parent and the child (Algood et.al, 2011). Research studies suggest that a physically punitive parent-child relationship is a relevant risk factor for maltreatment (Algood et. al,Read MoreEssay about Developmental Views of Parenting Style and Effectiveness1678 Words   |  7 PagesDevelopmental Views of Parenting Style and Effectiveness Parenting effectiveness and influence have been studied by developmental psychologists who have been interested in the role of parenting and how it may affect the success or failure of children. An important aspect to this area of research is parenting styles. There have been four styles noted and each may have differing outcomes for the children in later life: authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and unengaged/uninvolvedRead MoreThe Effects Of Resistance On Children s Life1921 Words   |  8 Pagesme to understand the human mind and behavior so I can help build resilient teens. My husband and I formed a basketball program with the intent to teach and develop life skills, relationship with Christ and family unity. My focus has always been the adolescent because it has always been easier to access them, but through my practicum, I have learned that improved parenting is the most important goal of child abuse prevention (Barth). Granted, I know there are cases where adolescents are overlyRead MoreParent Management Training : A Behavioral Treatment For Children And Adolescents With Aggressive, Antisocial And Defiant Behaviors1371 Words   |  6 PagesParents are taught social learning techniques with the purpose of changing the behavior of their children. Parents learn effective parent-child relationship management strategies and parenting skills through exercises and role play with the therapist. These methods include observing and recording behavior, positive reinforcement, token reinforcement, time out reinforcement, attending, ignoring, reprimanding, shaping, and compromising. As treatment sessions progress, these concepts are introducedRead MoreChild Maltreatment Among Children With Disabilities3701 Words   |  15 Pagesconnection, high or frequently fluctuating stress levels, and nonexistent parental familiarity of the extent of their child s disability. Children with disabilities typically require close individual care and attention, which can prompt unparalleled parenting difficulties and even debilitate the relationship and emotional connection existing between the parent and the affected child (Algood et.al, 2011). A previous study conducted by Knutson (2004) assessed all disciplinary preferences for mothers whoseRead MoreChild Maltreatment And Children With Disabilities3533 Words   |  15 Pagesfluctuating stress levels, and nonexistent parental familiarity of their child’s development and details of their child’s disability. Children with disabilities normally require close special attention on a daily basis, which can lead to matchless parenting challenges and even weaken the relationship and emotional attachment existing between the parent and the affected child (Algood et.al, 2011). A previous study conducted by Knutson (2004) assessed all disciplinary preferences for mothers whose children

Hamlet, By William Shakespeare - 1990 Words

During the course of Shakespeare’s â€Å"Hamlet†, the character of young Hamlet exemplifies an often puzzling and ambivalent persona. During the play, Hamlet is often contradicting of himself. By role-playing, or self-fashioning, Hamlet is able to balance his virtues in order to stay true to himself. This is demonstrated by his decisions to act upon something, as well as his inactions to not act upon something. The obscurity of Hamlet’s mannerisms are displayed within two conflicting personas: one that is perceived as calm and rational; the other displaying utter madness and loss of control. These conflicting behaviors are revealed within Hamlet’s internal struggles—to kill those responsible for his father’s murder, or to act responsibly and virtuous, and await further proof of their guilt. Throughout the play, Hamlet teeters on the brink of insanity induced by his actions, or inactions, but never actually crosses the threshold of insanity by balancing the virtues of playing a role and self fashioning, with looking at his own sense of self to rationalize his actions throughout the play. Clarification of Hamlet’s sanity first appears in act one, by his statements and feelings expressed within his dialogue. â€Å"Seems madam? Nay, it is. I know not â€Å"seems† (1.2.76). When young Hamlet is asked about his depressive appearance and demeanor by Gertrude, Hamlet denotes that this is what is perceived. This relates the idea that Hamlet is only â€Å"what he appears to be† as seen by the otherShow MoreRelatedHamlet, By William Shakespeare880 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is praised as the pioneering English poet and playwright whose collection of theatrical works is regarded as the greatest artistic value throughout the history of English literature. Shakespeare delved into the spiritual and mental component of humanity and the consequences that arise from this human spirit when it is disputed. The most famous revenge tragedy play, Hamlet, is an excellent illustration of Shakespeare’s philosophical study of human nature. In Hamlet , the arguableRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare899 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare, author of Hamlet, was a well-known author in the 1500s and is still popular today. He was born on April 24, 1564 in London, England. Although there were no birth records at that time, it shows he was baptized one year prior to that, which leads us to believe his birthday was in 1564 because children were normally baptized a year after their birth. Shakespeare’s writing style was very different than others at that time. He used many metaphors and rhetorical phrases, and most ofRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare996 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet, written by William Shakespeare, with out a doubt holds the most famous soliloquy in English history spoken by Hamlet in Act III, scene i, lines 57-90. This soliloquy holds much importance to the play as a whole because it ties together the reoccurring themes of suicide and Hamlet’s inaction portrayed by Shakespeare. Hamlet pose s a problem, which is the driving force of the play: â€Å"To be or not to be?†(III.i.57). Shakespeare uses this logical question asked by Hamlet to drive out his underlyingRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1178 Words   |  5 Pages In William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, the protagonist suffers from struggles with major characters, especially with the women in his life. While reading the play Hamlet, Hamlet appears to be a disillusioned man. Throughout the play, Shakespeare has only casted two females: Gertrude and Ophelia. Gertrude is defined to be incestuous, naà ¯ve and cold-hearted. On the other side, Ophelia is characterized to be ignorant, innocent and fearful. After the quick marriage of his mother and evil uncle, Hamlet’sRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1308 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet is arguably one of the greatest tragedies in all of literature and when most people think of tragic plays, they think of none other than the one who wrote it, William Shakespeare. This classic story of revenge excites it’s readers with its main character, Prince Hamlet, who goes through the unique human-like process of revenge that is often overlooked. Many other stories rely heavily on the logi c of good people doing good things and bad people doing bad things just for the sake of their natureRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet by William Shakespeare explores many aspects of mankind--death, betrayal, love, and mourning. Out of these, the most prominent theme in this play is death in the form of suicide. The main character, Hamlet, finds himself questioning the quality of life and the uncertainty of the afterlife once he discovers news of his father s death and the corruption in the kingdom that follows. Ophelia, Hamlet’s lover, is found dead later in the plot and is presumed to have committed suicide. In Hamlet’sRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1146 Words   |  5 PagesA character so complex, enticing and fascinating, his name is Hamlet. We are all Hamlet, and that, is the argument. Hamlet is an enigmatic character with many flaws. These flaws are the ones that prove similarities between us and him. A play so popular and significant is due to its huge relevance to us as a society. In the play Hamlet, William Shakespeare uses Hamlet’s character and metaphor to demonstrate that when one is left alone to their thoughts, these thoughts overtake reason. ConsequentlyRead MoreHamlet by William Shakespeare1456 Words   |  6 PagesThe play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, takes place in a time where the impossible was a part of the lives of everyday people. Occurrences that people in the modern time would believe unbelievable. Yet, with just a quill and parchment Shakespeare’s is able to connect the past and present by weaving a plot with skill that is still unparalleled to this day. The play Hamlet this exceeds this expectation by revealing depth of Hamlets, the protagonists, character personality through the useRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1920 Words   |  8 PagesIn the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare, the character Hamlet must deal with both external and internal conflict. Hamlet encounters many struggles and has trouble finding a way to deal with them. With so many corrupt people in his life, Hamlet feels as if there is no one that he can trust and begins to isolate himself from others. A result from this isolation leads Hamlet to become melancholy. Hamlet struggles with suicidal thoughts, wants to kill King Claudius, and is distraught over his mother’sRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare846 Words   |  4 Pagesalways been a contemplative topic. In Hamlet, the main character Hamlet thinks to himself about suicide. Hamlet was written by William Shakespeare. Shakespeare wrote Hamlet between 1599 and 1602. William Shakespeare is one of the greatest playwrights in history. Hamlet is about Prince Hamlet of Denmark who is trying to find out about the death of his father after his father s ‘ghost’ comes to him telling him it was his uncle who had killed him. While Hamlet contemplates suicide he gives his famous

Female Characters In Othello Essay - 812 Words

. Examine the female characters in the play. Do they share a common role in Othello? Every woman in Othello are very important to the plot and drama. Even the premise of Othello is about one man wanting to destroy another for a Woman. The Woman that Cassio and Roderigo want in the story is Desdemona, even though she is with Othello. While Desdemona may seem a two-dimensional character, she is takes the initiate several times and is the moral center to the story. She also comes across as open minded considering that she loved Othello despite him being a different race which was often a big deal breaker for the time. The other female characters are also important to the story. Emilia Is a character who had no clue that Cassio intentions†¦show more content†¦She sees her family as backwards and ignorant for not going to school or embracing their heritage. She defiantly sees herself as being better than the rest of her family and while she may still love them she does not respec t them. This would give the story an angrier tone that would only limit the story to one point of view. One could tell that the story would be this way because her actions from the book such as when â€Å"Dee gasps, arguing that Maggie won’t appreciate the quilts and isn’t smart enough to preserve them†. This show how little she thinks of Maggie. If the story was told through Maggie’s perspective that we would see through the eyes of someone who is nervous but happy to see her sister. We would be able to get a better sense of her jealous for Dee as well as how she felt by Dee not wanting her to have the quills. Hakim-a-barber is the least fleshed out character in the story. If we saw the event from his perspective we would see his first impressions of the family as well as how he feels about the way Dee acted while they were there. 4. Read the following poem and write an analysis of the man literary devices used in the poem. The literary device used most in the poem is imagery. From the way, the poem opens with the perspective of the ambulance with â€Å"The ambulance at top speed floating down Past beacons and illuminated clocks Wings in a heavy curve, dips down, and brakes speed, entering theShow MoreRelated Female Characters in William Shakespeares Othello Essay examples2137 Words   |  9 PagesFemale Characters in William Shakespeares Othello Throughout history, women’s place and role in society has vastly changed, as well as their sexuality. In the Victorian era, it was considered abnormal for women to masturbate or feel pleasure from sexual intercourse with her husband. They were led to believe that they were sick, and thus went to their doctor who would â€Å"rid† them of their â€Å"fever† through vaginal stimulation. The patriarchal society did not want women to know or understandRead MoreThe Oppression of Women in A Room of One’s Own by Virginia Wolf1749 Words   |  7 PagesDalloway, and also in her famous essay, A Room of One’s Own. Though Woolf admires Shakespeare’s androgyny (specifically in A Room of One’s Own), she also makes the case that his treatment of female characters does not allow for the women to be three-dimensional, therefore leaving them flat and lacking in depth. Even though for the most part Woolf’s assertion is correct, there are severa l examples in Shakespeare’s plays that suggest otherwise, namely in the play Othello. Additionally, in a similar vainRead MoreThemes of Blame and Justice in Othello Essay979 Words   |  4 PagesThe Play Othello first performed in 1604 written by Shakespeare was a play that portrayed the problems faced in society regarding blame and justice. He showed this by using the setting of Venice where almost everyone was rich, living in houses based in the most powerful part of Italy. Shakespeare used race which tied into the setting as the main character, a black man living in a white society. He used gender to portray labels and to show how different sexes were treated. Shakespeare is showing usRead MoreOthello - Female Stereotypes Essay1108 Words   |  5 PagesTuesday, March 6th, 2012 Othello Essay In â€Å"Othello,† William Shakespeare extensively explores female stereotypes that occur during the playwright’s time. Throughout the Shakespearian era, women were seen as the inferior sex, over whom men had complete control and thus forcing women to act submissively and obediently in front of their husbands. Men believed that women were objects who just cooked meals, cleaned the house, and bore children while society just accepted these degrading roles. WilliamRead MoreEssay about The Effects of Femininity1571 Words   |  7 Pageswhether male or female, and can be similarly tied in with notions of gender, either masculine or feminine, which are said to be constructs, or labels, created by society. However `masculinity and `femininity become, on some levels, dislodged from the idea of the biological makeup and gender constructs, and instead tend to be described in terms of discourse. It is not just the sex and gender of a being that determines their actions, but i nstead their thoughts and opinions. This essay will assessRead MoreOthello Essay1172 Words   |  5 PagesOthello Essay William Shakespeare’s Othello tells a story of the tragic downfall of a man through jealousy and mistrust, influenced by the manipulative actions of another. Due to innumerable changes within society over time, it is inevitable that a wide range of critical interpretations and readings of the text will emerge. My personal interpretation of the play draws from the concepts of the traditional Aristotelian views of a tragedy. 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Employee Satisfaction in The Hotel Industry

Question: Describe the Essay for Employee Satisfaction in The Hotel Industry. Answer: Introduction This research proposal aims to analyze the extent to which communication management strategies impact on employee satisfaction level in the hotel industry. Equally, it examines important communication strategies that can be utilized to increase employee satisfaction as well as describing the gap in New Zealand hotel industries. According to Biswas (2009), communication openness is an essential element in enhancing employee satisfaction. In the study conducted by the author, it was clear that open communication between subordinates and supervisors increases employee satisfaction as well as organizational performance. Equally, Men (2014) substantiates this claim by arguing that as a central process, internal communication allows employees to create relationships, share information, construct organizational values and culture as well as make meanings. Likewise, strong internal communication is essential in creating positive staff attitudes including job satisfaction, organizational comm itment, building trust, enhancing positive relationship between employees and the organization as well as organizational identification (Zhang Venkatesh, 2013). Establishing a sense of trust and community via internal communication entails maintaining and establishing relationships between employees, supervisors, and the organization. Organizations through social exchange theory understand employee attitudes and workplace relationships. The theory posits that understanding social exchange relationships in the workplace is essential in providing significant insights into the correlation between employee engagement and internal communication (Mishra, Boynton Mishra 2014). It is so unfortunate that a majority of organization system are centralized, thus affecting the flow of information between managers and employees. For all these reasons, organizations in the hotel industry need to boost employee morale by putting in place open channel of communications. Besides, creating a supportive environment is crucial in promoting employee job satisfaction. Therefore, the purpose of conducting this research is to analyze the role of management in enhan cing employee satisfaction in Holiday Inn Hotel Rotorua in New Zealand. The primary focus will be on the various management communication strategies being utilized in this hotel to enhance the performance and loyalty of its employees as well as its competitiveness in the hotel industry. The independent variable in the study is communication strategies and the dependent variable is employee satisfaction. The type of communication strategies utilized by the organization greatly determines the level of employee satisfaction. However, there is the lack of adequate information regarding effective communication strategies that can be used to enhance employee satisfaction in the hotel industry. For this reason, the current research aims to address this gap by studying the communication strategies used by Holiday Inn, Hotel Rotorua in New Zealand to improve employee satisfaction. The study sample will comprise of employees working in various departments in Holiday Inn, Hotel Rotorua in New Zealand. Besides, it will take into consideration individuals from distinct racial backgrounds, ages, and occupy distinct positions in the organization. The study sample will answer various questions on their views regarding communication openness in the organization and how they think it affects their job performance. The obtained data will be presented in various themes and tables for easy interpretation. The Aim of Conducting the Above Research Internal communication plays an essential role in providing crucial information to employees in order to perform their jobs effectively. Getting accurate and timely information makes employees feel valued by the organization. Therefore, carrying out the research will provide significant insights on how employee productivity and morale is affected by the available communication channels and management style utilized in the hotel industry. Ideally, management styles and strategies as well as communication effectiveness affect the level of employee satisfaction, and subsequently their productivity. Research Questions Finding out the role of internal communication in enhancing employee satisfaction in the hotel industry Determining how hotels can utilize both upward and downward communication strategies to boost employee satisfaction To find out the role of management in promoting effective communication between employees and customers Research Objectives The primary objectives of the research are: To provide a detailed analysis of the types, methods, and channels of internal communication strategies utilized in Holiday Inn, Hotel Rotorua in New Zealand To figure out whether employees are satisfied with their jobs in relation to the communication strategies used, and how they intend to develop their careers To analyze the process and flow of communication in Holiday Inn, Hotel Rotorua in New Zealand To determine any gaps in the communication process that makes employees feel less satisfied with their jobs. Research Hypothesis Implementation of effective communication strategies in the hotel induustry results in positive attitudes among employees including job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and improved trust. Literature Review As a central process, internal communication allows staffs to establish relationships and share information. Karanges et al.(2014) consider internal communication as the foundation for contemporary companies. According to existing evidence, excellent internal communication is essential in creating positive attitudes among employees and consequently organizational learning, improved performance, and higher productivity. Various factors influence internal communication including enforcing an organizational culture that is more participative, diversity, and asymmetrical communication system. These factors are crucial in facilitating communication between employees and the management. Walandari and Burgess (2011) note that communication between subordinates and organizational leaders are the main aspect of the internal communication system because leaders are considered credible and preferred information sources by the staff. However, organizational leaders communication styles, communic ation competence, and communication behaviors influence the outcome of employees. For instance, managers have a tendency of utilizing their interpersonal interaction and organization system to persuade their subordinates. French, Bell, and Zawacki (2000) argues that the manner in which a leader distributes and gathers information is a source of power. For this reason, some organization managers hold information from their staff to render them powerless. Such an action from Malik and Goyal(2003) point of view jeopardizes employee commitment, input and motivation. For communication to be effective, trust must be nurtured between organizational leaders and managers. Zemguliene(2012) in his study concludes that trust plays an essential role in developing openness and effective communication between the management and employees; between management and trade union and between subordinates and superiors. The author also notes that open and effective communication improves job performance whereas trust helps in building stability, cooperation, and interpersonal relationship within the company. Various scholars highlight the importance of communication openness in boosting staffs job satisfaction. For example, Bryne and LeMay(2006) suggests that there is a connection between superiors and subordinates job satisfaction, pay and promotion satisfaction and communication openness. Overview of Internal Communication in the Hotel Industry According to Proctor and Doukakis (2003), staffs in the hotel industry are mandated to communicate effectively to their clients. However, possessing effective communication skills requires workers in the hotel industry to exhibit strong communication skills. Failure to communicate effectively with customers jeopardizes the performance of the hotel business. Communication in the hotel industry is not only limited to customers but also effectively communicating inventory and sales reports with various departments (Sarangi Srivastava, 2012). Therefore, a majority of organizations in the hotel industry make use of both downward and upward communication strategies to improve employee job satisfaction and customer service. Accordingly, they make use of a wide range of communication techniques including memos, social media sites,bulletins, press releases, CDs and newsletters to pass crucial information to both employees and customers (Xiaojun Venkatesh, 2013). The use of social media site s such as facebook provides instant communication between employees and managers. Additionally, it allow employees to air their grievances and take part in the decision making process regarding issues affecting the organization. This in turn results in employee satisfaction and productivity. However, Diercksen et al.(2015) note that poor use of social media in the organization can take away employee value especially when staffs channel most of their time chatting with friends rather than marketing the organizations. In a study conducted among the United Kingdom employees, it was evident that staff spends about 40minutes on a single day surfing the internet. This time is used for personal issues rather than work, hence reducing their productivity. Downward communication refers to the flow of information from the top management to the subordinates (Yan, 2011). It is the upper management that is required to initiate downward communication. Through these communication strategies, it becomes easier to assign tasks, give orders, and provide directions and instructions. Downward communication strategy is also utilized to identify problems that require immediate attention, inform staff of job policies and procedures, and offer employees with feedback regarding their job performance (Hall, 2016; Keyton et al., 2013). Ideally, downward communication is essential in telling employees what is expected from them and how they are performing in regards to achieving organizational objectives. In terms of satisfying the needs of employees, it is important that they obtain accurate and sufficient information about their jobs and the overall performance of the organization. According to Yan (2011), there are six main areas that employees expect to know about from the organization top management. These areas include what their jobs entail, their performance, if the organization really cares about them, how their department is performing, the future of their organization and what they need to do to help the organization in realizing its objectives. Research also indicates that it is essential for the organization management to communicate why certain decisions are made. It is so unfortunate that a majority of managers fails to inform employees on what is going on in the organization because they consider it unnecessary. However, research indicates that explaining to employees what is going on in the organization improves their support for and commitment to company objectives and goals (Abdullah Antony, 2012). In addition to downward communication, it is also important for the hotel industry to also invest in upward communication. The primary objective of upward communication is to inform managers about subordinates feelings and their concerns in the workplace (Abdullah Antony, 2012). Through upward communication, supervisors and managers can obtain important feedbacks regarding problems and changes in a project as well as creative ideas on how to boost profits and customer satisfaction. For all these reasons, the organizations in the hotel industry should promote both downward and upward communication strategies to enhance job satisfaction and improved performance. Summarized Individual Studies According to a study conducted by Quirke (2005), the hotel industry just like any other organizations requires effective communication to minimize costs and enhance employee job satisfaction. The author also notes that effective communication networks are crucial in sharing best practices, raising standards, and developing cohesive teams. Accordingly, internal communication practices in an organization are essential in staff engagement and improved productivity. In another study conducted by Abdullah and Antony (2012), to enhance employees job satisfaction, effective and strategic communication is essential in disseminating proper, accurate, and timely information to organization staff. The author also found out that horizontal communication, top-down communication, and bottom-up communication improves the relationship between the hotel and its employees. Through effective communication strategies, both the staff and the public are informed of the decisions and events that affect the productivity and the operation of the hotel. To realize the benefits of communication, it is important for the organizations in the hotel industry to sustain and nurture a systematic flow of relevant, timely, and credible information. Besides, the hallmark of effective communication is clarity because without it, employees become complacent, confused, and in some instances chaotic (Abdullah Antony, 2012). The author also argues that the vital role of employees in the communication process is only acknowledged if they have the support, tools, and capability to accomplish their tasks which consequently results in enhanced job satisfaction. The function of communication in the hotel industry is to establish mutual understanding between the staff and the upper management and vice versa. Besides, using and determining the right methods, channels, and internal content improves connectedness and understanding among employees regarding the hotel events and corporate goals. Research Methodology The research design for my study is mixed study design also known as triangulation. The reason for choosing this study design is because it permits the study participants to respond to questions from multiple perspectives. It also makes sure that there are no gaps in regards to the data or information obtained (Bryman Bell, 2015). Since mixed methodology is an integration of qualitative and quantitative approaches, when one of the approaches fails in providing the required information, the other one complements it. For selecting study participants, I will make use of snow-ball sampling because it will help in interviewing staffs working at different departments in Holiday Inn, Hotel Rotorua. Advantages of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Design As an exploratory research, qualitative research is used to gain a better comprehension of the underlying motivations, opinions, and reasons behind a research. It also provides significant insights into the research problem and aids in the developing hypothesis or ideas crucial for quantitative research. Quantitative research, on the other hand, quantifies the study problem by generating data or numerical information that is changed into useful statistics. For the study, questionnaires will be utilized to obtain in-depth information from the study participants. A questionnaire refers to a set of written or printed queries used in a statistical study or survey. The benefits of using questionnaires include permitting the collection of data in a cost effective manner from a large number of people; it is practical, and the results are easily quantifies using a software package (Bryman Bell, 2015). The use of questionnaires will provide study participants with an opportunity to provide t heir viewpoints regarding the subject under study. A likert scale (1-Strongly Agree; 2-Agree, 3-Undecided, 4-Strongly Disagree and 5-Agree) will also be utilized to rate employees level of satisfaction in regards to the communication strategies used by the organization. Snow-ball sampling Snow-ball sampling is the best method for my study. Through this method, I will be able to sample employees from different departments in the company under study. As such, I will be in a position to acquire detailed information regarding the management strategies utilized to enhance their performance and whether the communication strategies in place are effective. Projected Findings The projected findings are that communication, both upward and downward communication plays an essential role in enhancing employee satisfaction and reducing turnover in the organization. For this reason, it is the responsibility of organizational leaders to invest in various communication channels where employees can air their grievances and the management responds to their queries. Additionally, through communication, employees can add value to the company services and products as well as share their creative ideas. Descriptive analysis tool will be utilized to find the relationship between independent and dependent variables. Through this tool, summaries about the measures and sample used will be outlined. Additionally, it makes use of simple graphics to analyze data obtained from the questionnaires. Conclusion Conclusively, based on the above research, it is evident that the projected findings emphasize the importance of strategic communication in enhancing employee and organization performance. The use of both upward and downward communication strategies are crucial in making employees committed towards realizing the organizational objectives and making them satisfied. Poor communication in the industry also results in confusion, chaos, and reduced productivity. For this reason, it is important for managers in the hotel industry to invest in communication strategies such as upward, downward, and horizontal communication strategies that motivate their workers and in turn enhances the experience of customers in the industry. The potential users of the study findings are managers and leaders in various industries who wish to enhance the morale of their employees and enhance their competitiveness in the industry. For instance, the study findings aim to provide the target audience with crucial information on the role that leaders play in promoting transparent communication. Additionally, the paper provides significant insights on how effective communication in the organization promotes job satisfaction and performance of the staff. Through the research, the target audience will gain significant insights on the importance of having in place a decentralized system and investing in various communication channels. However, the outcome of organization effectiveness greatly depends on the integrity, transparency, accountability, consistency, and fairness of leaders. The study is characterized by various limitations that should be considered in future research. To start with, the research is only limited to employees working in the hotel industry. For this reason, future studies should compare organizations from distinct industries. Secondly, the information for the research target employees from various departments rather than also taking into account the perspective of the managers. Therefore, future research should also consider organizational leaders perspective so that obtained findings can be generalized to the whole population. Despite the fact that the study enhances the target audience comprehension of the connection between employee outcomes, internal communication, and leadership, it does not incorporate a wide range of data collection methods including the use of participant observation, focus group and documentary analysis. The study is limited to interviews and questionnaires. For all these reasons, studies in the future should util ize samples from various cultural settings and organizations rather than limiting themselves to one sector and culture. A wide range of qualitative research techniques should be used to provide contextual, in-depth, descriptive, and detailed understanding of the subject under study. References Abdullah, Z. Antony, C.A.(2012).Perception of Employees on Internal Communication of a Leading Five Star Hotel in Malaysia. Asian Social Science, 8(2),17-26. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015). Business research methods. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. Diercksen, M., DiPlacido, M., Harvey, D., Bosco, S.(2015).The Effects of Social Media in Todays Workforce. Retrieved from, https://www.nedsi.org/proc/2013/proc/p121102007.pdf French, W.L., Bell, C.H., Zawacki, R.A.(2000). Organizational Development and Transformation: Managing Effective Change. Boston, M.A: Irwin McGraw-Hill. Hall, A. (2016). Exploring the Workplace Communication Preferences Of Millennials. Journal Of Organizational Culture, Communications Conflict, 2035-44. Karanges, E., Beatson, A., Johnston, K.Lings, I.(2014). 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